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Salish Attempts to Retain the Bitterroot

This version was saved 13 years, 7 months ago View current version     Page history
Saved by mkohl@mt.gov
on August 30, 2010 at 11:57:42 am
 

The Hellgate Treaty signed at Council Grove near Missoula in 1855 created the Jocko, or Flathead, Indian reservation and was interpreted by the U.S. government as requiring the Pend’Oreille, Kootenai, and Salish tribes to cede all their other lands in western Montana. The Bitterroot Salish disagreed with the federal government's interpretation. The long struggle of the Salish to remain in their ancestral home is a moving and, ultimately unsuccessful, example of debate and diplomacy.    

 

Secondary Sources

 

Bigart, Robert, ed.  Life and Death at St. Mary’s Mission. (Pablo, MT: Salish Koontenai College Press, 2005).

 

Evans, Lucylle H. St. Mary’s in the Rocky Mountains: A History of the Cradle of Montana’s Culture (Stevensville, 1990). 

 

Missoula, Missoulian, August 28, 1941.  

 

Toole, K. Ross Toole. Lecture, “Apostasy” (University of Montana, 1962). Montana Historical Society Research Center video library.

 

“Relations with the United States Government,” Challenge to Survive, History of the Salish Tribes of the Flathead Indian Reservation. Unit III: Victor and Alexander Period, 1840-1870. Salish Kootenai College Tribal History Project (Pablo, MT: Salish Kootenai College Press, 2008): 9-28. Read online.  

 

Primary Sources

 

Bigart, Robert and Clarence Woodcock, In the Name of the Salish & Kootenai Nation: the 1855 Hell Gate Treaty and the Origins of the Flathead Indian Reservation (Pablo, MT: Salish Kootenai College Press, 1966). 

 

Ronan, Margaret, Girl from the Gulches: The story of Mary Ronan, ed. Ellen Baumler (Helena: Montana Historical Society Press, 2003), Book 3.

 

Dunbar, Seymour and Paul C. Phillips, The Journals and Letters of Major John Owen, Pioneer of the Northwest 1850-1871, (Portland, ME: Southworth Press, 1927).

 

Missoula Missoulian, September 10, 1911. 

 

Primary and Secondary Sources on the Web

 

Transcript of the Hellgate Treaty 

 

Letter from Chief Victor to Territorial Governor Sidney Edgerton, April 25, 1865 

  

Vertical Files at the Montana Historical Society

 

Charlot, Chief (Slem-Hak-Kah “Little claw of Grizzly bear”)

Salish Indians

Victor (Salish Chief)



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